Galilean Tapestry
Isaiah 9:1:
“But there will be no more gloom for her who was in anguish;
in earlier times He treated the land of Zebulon and the land of Naphtali with
contempt, but later on He shall make it glorious, by the way of the sea, on the
other side of the Jordan, Galilee of the Nations. Galilee
- “Galil” – province, region or district in Hebrew. The “province or district
of the nations” has truly lived up to its name. Being
Israel’s northernmost region,
throughout history it has seen many civilizations come and go. Being a region
of varied topography it has also drawn people of various interests for multiple
reasons who were engaged in many types of occupations. During this past week’s
visit to that colorful region, a window was opened so that we could gaze into
the rich tapestry formed by time, people and place. The Galilee was
certainly the bedrock upon which the modern restoration of Jewish settlement
in the
Land of Israel was established. This intricate
process, which is by no means over, is commemorated and demonstrated
in multiple ways in the
Galilee’s towns
and villages.
The Galilee’s western border is formed by the shore line of the
Mediterranean Sea. Between Acre, an ancient port city
that has seen Muslim and Crusader conquerors with memories even of Napoleon
Bonaparte, and Nahariya, a seventy year old town that was founded by mostly
German Jews, is the living monument to the European Holocaust – Kibbutz Lohamey
Ha’geta’ot – “Ghetto Fighters” Kibbutz. The kibbutz type of settlement was the
Jewish pioneers’ answer to millennia of oppression and repression of various
forms. Agricultural communities of mutual help, accountability and egalitarianism
of and for all of its members, was the new lifestyle envisioned by the young
men and women who resolved to shake off the dust of exile and Diaspora. In the
Ghetto Fighters’ kibbutz this takes on a far greater meaning. The founders of
this kibbutz (in 1949), survivors and ghetto fighters, did not only shake off
the dust of Diaspora, they were literally reborn from the ashes of the inferno
of the crematoriums and burning ghettos and themselves became living monuments
to a Jewry that perished in the Holocaust. In a totally new and vigorous
lifestyle they, by their own admittance, “raised to the burning ghetto a
monument of life… a life that will never cease…” It was in the
museum and study center which they established for the purpose of documenting the
atrocities, the culture that was lost, the victims, the resistance fighters,
the acts of heroism and yes… even the hopes, that we began our
Galilee exploration experience. These salvaged firebrands
themselves stocked the fires of life in order to enable others to
participate in the life kindling, albeit tragic, memories.
On one of the walls, next to some poignant drawings and paintings, we read
the following poem. It deals with Joseph’s counterpart, if you will, whose cry
for redemption is still resounding:
The Coat of the Prison Camper
And his brethren envied him not
For the many-tracks* coat
With which they too were clad
When from the (train) tracks they were dragged.
And he did not dream, nor offer wise talk,
And there was no one to arise from the stalk
1.
And it was not a goat
That in blood was soaked.
Neither was it recognized by their father the sage
For many were the children of his old age,
And he only murmured, “A savage beast!”
And he never laid eyes on them again as long as he lived.
(Translated from a poem by Avner Trainin)
* In Hebrew the coat is of “many
stripes/tracks”, same word as the tracks of a train.
1 In Joseph's dream he saw himself as a stalk
of wheat rising above 11 other stalks, which represented his brothers.
Aside from the many exhibits dedicated to the Holocaust, there is an
entire floor in which are depicted pre-Second World War Zionist activities
among Jewish youth around the world. Tens of different Jewish youth movements
existed from the end of the 19th century all the way to and through the Second
World War, each with its own political slant, yet all focused on the need for
the sons of
Judah
to unite as a viable entity and to act together. By far the majority of them set
their goal on “aliya” (immigration to the
Land of Israel),
and on building a healthy, prosperous new life here. For that purpose they went
into rigorous training in their homelands. They not only had to adjust to
a new life style, but they also saw the need to adjust to a different mentality
of the “new Jew”. They had to ward off objections from the older generation,
from religious authorities and community leaders and sometimes from their own
peers, not to speak of physical, financial and cultural challenges that their
aspirations presented them with. And so, in order to take a journey into the
Galilee, we had to go back to a past which nurtured the
resettlement of this region in our times.
We then crisscrossed the central Galilee in order to get to our destination,
which was the north-western shore of the Kinneret (
Sea of
Galilee), bird’s eye views of colorful valleys availed
themselves to us. On one of the bare hilltops that we frequented lay the
remains of Yodfat, a Galilean town which took part in the Great Jewish Revolt
against the Romans in 66 A.D. In the year 67 the town fell after 47 days of
heroic resistance. The leader of the revolt was captured in the town, and was
one of the few not to be put to death. His name was Josephus, who became the
historian of these battles whose writings are almost commonplace, even in our
own day and age.
Traveling through the winding roads of Arab and Druze (a Middle-Eastern
sect, the Druze are not regarded as Muslims by other Muslims, but they regard
themselves as such, having no national aspirations they are generally loyal to
their host countries) villages which pepper the Galilean hills, we finally
‘landed’ by the green and lush shores of the Sea of Galilee, in a guest house
located on Kibbutz Ginosar. This Kibbutz is named after the biblical
Gennesareth (Mat.
14:34).
The
Valley of Gennesareth (or Ginosar in Hebrew), and
its fertility, is also mentioned in the Mishna part of the Talmud.
One of Kibbutz Ginosar’s founders, who was also at the helm of the battle
for independence and one of the leaders of
Israel’s Labor movement, was Yig’al
Alon. Ginosar’s museum is named after him, and is a real open window into life
in the
Galilee, past and present. Although a
military genius, Yig’al Alon’s vision and faith were focused on
interrelationships with the Arab population, and thus the museum portrays not
only the Jewish settlements in the Galilee, but also Arab life; both in the
villages and in the towns; the Bedouin shepherd’s nomadic lifestyle against the
artisans and merchants and their traditions. In fact, along the shoreline, at
the back of the edifice, are placed environmental sculptures which are the
result of a joint effort of Galilee Jews and Arabs.
Jewish life in the Galilee during the Mishnaic and Talmudic times is also
introduced, as after the first and second Jewish revolts and the sacking of
Jerusalem (first and second centuries A.D.), the
Galilee became the center of Jewish religion and learning
for those Jews that still remained in the Land. In the museum we learned about
the (late) 19th and (early to middle) 20th centuries settlers’ dual role of
building homes and farmsteads in desolate and unfriendly physical conditions,
while having to deal with frequent Arab rioting and foreign overlords’
hostility (first the Turks and then the British). The difficult decision making
in many an instance, where life threatening situations presented themselves to
young and inexperienced leaders who shouldered heavy moral responsibilities, is
featured prominently among the museum’s inter-active exhibits. Some of these
documentations present a very different picture from the way life is
experienced and understood in present day
Israel, whereas in other cases,
these past episodes are still lived and relived daily in this country.
The figure of Yig’al Alon embodies the character etched by the Father in the
young leadership which was emerging in the nascent state. The crucial and
critical actions taken by these pioneers were marked by not loving their lives
even when faced by death, but rather by being each others' keepers and servants
(to quote Alon himself). They had preferred one another and were willing
to take responsibility not only for successes but also for failures, all the
way down from the commander to the last soldier. Whether or not they knew it,
they were fulfilling Godly principles and so were able to stand up to the tasks
placed before them.
Just as the present is supported by past centuries whose stories are told in
the museum, so are the building’s four stories supported by the ground floor
where a two thousand year old boat finds its resting place. This vessel was
discovered in the 1980’s by two of Ginosar’s members, fishermen and armature
archaeologists. After a fourteen year old treatment, designed to preserve its
rotting wood, the boat was finally put on display, ‘flaunting’ all of its
humble beauty. And whereas it was constructed mainly of one type of wood,
eleven other trees were used to patch it up (when it was in use, two millennia
ago). Thus the lumber of a dozen indigenous trees was needed in order to make
this ancient boat workable!
The
Valley of
Jezreel,
Israel’s
bread basket, was also one of the main sites for many historical episodes.
Situated just below the
Lower Galilee, we made
our way home through some of its interesting villages and towns. Our journey
took us to Bethlehem of Galilee, mentioned in Joshua as being part of Zebulon’s
inheritance. Among the many groups and individuals who had Messianic
aspirations and visions concerning the “
Holy Land”,
there was also a group of Germans known as the “Templers” who began to make
their way here in the middle of the 19th century. These new comers engaged
mostly in agricultural exploits and did very well for themselves. They
withstood the many difficulties which the land presented at that time. Settling
in various parts of the country, it seems that the
Jezreel Valley
was one that they particularly favored. When the British expelled them from the
Land, during the Second World War (fearing Nazi sympathies on their part),
Jewish settlers took over their villages. Bethlehem of Galilee is a beautiful
agricultural village whose German stone houses, which retain their old charm,
are still in use.
Aside from the kibbutzim, the pioneers founded another form of settlement,
the moshav, which combines cooperation of assets, finances and produce, but
maintains the privacy of family life. The first moshav, Nahalal (a name found
in Zebulon’s biblical territory), was established during the first decade of
the 20th century, and has become synonymous with agricultural ventures as
well as with security of the country. One of
Israel's military chiefs, Moshe
Dayan, hailed from Nahal. During the British Mandatory era, the Jewish
defense arms were stockpiling ammunition and weapons for their defense needs in
face of constant Arab threats and under the watchful eyes of the British, who
forbade both Jew and Arab to own weapons. These secret weapons caches
were named “sliqs”.
The Nahalal sliq is a unique family museum which tells stories inextricably
connected with the establishment and security of the State of Israel. The old
sliq is situated on the family farm. Members of the third and fourth generation
tell fascinating family tales, especially the story of the cache which was built
under the guise of a pit for collecting cow urine for fertilizing purposes,
making the story as humorous as it is fascinating.
Israel’s formative history, with
its various facets is well represented by this one family’s story. And as
things are in this small country, while the story unfolded it was not without
some very close family connections. These caches, scattered throughout
the country and especially in some of the leftist kibbutzim, apparently gave
rise (in the first years of the independent state) to ideas among some
malcontents, or those who subscribed to certain unsound ideals. This
phenomenon, of course, had to be dealt with, or else it would have posed a
danger to the security of the fledgling state. We thus found out some
surprising facts about Rimona’s father’s tasks, while he served in those days
in
Israel's
General Security Service.
Our visit to the
Jezreel Valley was concluded by a trip to the local cemetery,
where Ilan Ramon,
Israel’s
first astronaut, was laid to rest after the failed shuttle mission of the
Columbia. The crew at
large, made up of members of the "nations”, is also commemorated on his
tombstone set on a hill that commands the valley which spreads below,
ready, as always, for further fulfillments of what it's Creator has destined it
for.
Shabbat Shalom
Rimona
